rogers



(N0 Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. H. ROGERS.

TELEPHONIG APPARATUS AND GIRCUIT.

No. 252,257. Patented Jan. 10,1882.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

. J. H. ROGERS.

TELEPHONIO APPARATUS AND CIRCUIT. .No. 252.257.

Patented Jan. 10,188Z.

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UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

JAMES HARRIS ROGERS, OF WASHINGTON, D. 0., ASSIGNOR. OF ONE-HALF TO FRANK HUME AND L. G. HINE, BOTH OF SAME PLACE.

TELEPHONIC APPARATUS AND CIRCUIT.

SPECIFICATION forming part, of Letters Patent No. 252,257, dated January 10, 1882.

Application fi1e(1 December 5, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES HARRIS ROGERS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented new and useful Improvements in Telephonic Apparatus and Circuits, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the system of telephonic transmission setforth in my application for Letters Patent filed on the 9th day of November, 1881. According to the plan described in that application, the electrical undulations produced by the transmittingdiaphragm are broken up into afragmentary condition and [5 part of them sent over one line and part over another, the fragments sent over each line heingot' themselves unintelligible, but the whole being united at the receiving-station, so as to harmoniously and intelligently reproduce the message or signal uttered at the transmittingstation. Messages thus transmitted are perfectly secret, because any person tapping one of the lines would only. receive an unintelligible jargon, and the lines being run from the 2 5 transmittingto the receiving stations bywidely divergent routes, it is impossible for any one I wishing to overhear the message being sent to tap both lines. The advantages, operation, and general principles'of this improved system 0 are fully set forth in my application above referred to.

The present invention contemplates certain improvements in the organization of apparatus and running of circuits whereby the gen 3 5 eral efficiency and excellence of thesystem are practically enhanced, all of which will be fully set forth in the following specification.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view of one arrangement of apparatus, show- 6 ing three stations, A B 0, on the same circuit. Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are views of organizations of apparatus somewhat differentfrom those shown in Fig.1. Fig. 5 is a diagram view, showing an arrangement in which induction-coils are 4 5 employed and the primary broken and the secondary in the main.

' Referring'now to Figure 1, which best illus trates my improved arrangements, the circuits being complete, three stations, A B O, are

shown but of course any desired and suitable number of stations may be placed in the same circuit, Z. The main lines which connect the stations form a complete metallic circuit,

so that messages from any one of the stations may be sent in opposite directions around the main circuit to any other one of the stations.

The arrangementand apparatus at each station are identical, and it will therefore be sutficient to describe one station, the same parts being correspondingly lettered at each station.

M B is a battery, one pole of which is grounded and the other of which is connected with the bottom of a transmitter, T, to the diaphragm of which the wire it is connected. This wire 25 is connected to an ordinary switch-lever, S, up-

on which the receiving-telephone R is hung, as

usual. Upon the end of the lever S is an insulated plate, P, in contact with which the terminals n m of the sections N Mot the main line or circuit normally rest-that is, when the receiver It is on the switch. Branch lines N and M,connected respectively with the main lines N and M, both include helices H. which surround the core of the receiver, the current passing from the receiver, by the lines N and M, to the contact plates or springs Q Q of the rotating circuit-breaker U. A contact-point, u,

is connected electrically with the conducting portion u of the circuit-breaker, and is placed in proximity to the contact 8 on the lever S. The metallic portion a of the circuit-breaker is slightly larger than a semicircle, so that contact with one spring or plate is established before the other is broken. Call or signal boxes X are placed in the circuit at each station. While the receiver at any station is upon the switch-lever thereis no current on the line from the battery at that section but upon its removal therefrom the circuit is completed through contacts 8 a, circuit-breaker U, lineN o orM, to lineNorM,thecurrentpassing through the call-box at every other station, but not through. the receiver. f

Suppose the receiving-telephone R is lifted from the switch at station A and some other 5 station-say 0-is called, the person'at C lifts his telephone from the switch, the circuit will be completed at both stations through lines N and M, which include the receiver, the current V passing from the mainline N or M at station Ioo' A, according to the position of the circuitbreaker, as will be readily understood, through line N or M at station G, through circuitbreaker, contact-points, switch-lever S, and transmitter, to ground, a ground being made at each station A and 0 when the receivers are removed from the switch-levers. Conversations may now be carried on after the usual system of telephonic transmission. When, however, as a message is to be broken up for secret and fragmentary transmission-say from station A-the operator at that station starts his circuit-breaker U to rotating, while the operator at station 0 connects the plates Q Q by the switch V, thus cutting out the circuitb-reaker at that station. The message now being transmitted at A will be broken up into fragments by the circuit, and a portion of such disjointed fragments will be transmitted over line N and N, while others will be sent. over line M and M to station 0. The receivingtelephone at 0 being included in both circuits N N and M M, the disjointed fragments sent over both the lines will be united in effect and rendered complete and intelligible to the listener. The effect of the words thus broken upon the receiver will be as though they were unbroken, their component fragments producing their effect on the receiver and acting as a whole. I

The operation just described is the same for all the stations included in the main circuit.

It will be observed that by the organization described only one wire from station to station is employed, it being necessary, however, that acomplete circuitshould be established around all the stations. A message from any station is broken up, and one set of unintelligible fragments sentin one direction over the circuit and another set in the opposite direction. Entire secresy is thus insured and a practical and economical arrangement of the circuits and stations accomplished.

In Fig. 2 an arrangement for employing an induction-coil, E, is shown. In this case the transmitting-instrument is included in the primary helix of the induction-coil, and the current from the secondary helix is broken up and transmitted in opposite directions over-the main line, as described. Three or more stations thus equipped may be included in circuits, as in Fig. 1, or some of the stations on a circuit may be organized as shown in Fig.1, and some as shown in Fig. 3. It is immaterial.

In Fig. 3 I have shown an arrangement in which two transmitters, T T, in close proximity are employed. A sound uttered in their vicinity equally affects both instruments. The switch S in this case is divided by an insulator at S and has contact-points a s, which make contact respectively with points 0 d, which are respectively connected with plates ef, arranged so that as the circuit-breaker rotates it breaks up the signal from the two transmitters and throws half the message from the transmitter T in fragmentary portions upon the line MM' and half of the message from T" upon the line N N, the other portions of the message from each transmitter being lost. In other respects it will be seen that this apparatus corresponds with those above described, and it will be obvious that it may be used in circuit with either of the arrangements above'mentioned; or any number of such instruments may be arranged. in circuit by themselves.

In Fig. at the general arrangement is as heretofore; but the transmitter is included in one branch of a split circuit and the battery in the other. The operation of this apparatus is as follows: When the diaphragm is depressed by the impact of the sound-waves a large port-ion of the current will be short-circnited through the transmitter, and when the diaphragm vibrates from its contact-button the greater part of the current will flow to the line t. The current on thcline is broken up into fragmentary portions and transmitted as before. Instruments like these may be used in connection with others in circuit, as in the other cases.

I have shown in Fig. 2 a transmitter included in the primary of an induction coil, the sec ondary going to the line and'the current'in it being broken up, as described.

In Fig. 5 the oircuitbreaker U is placed in the primary of one or two induction-coils, b d,"

and the secondary goes directly to the main line. The primary wires ofthe induction-coils each extend to the circuit-breaker U on one side and to a binding-post at a on the other, the point a being in electrical connection with the diaphragm of the transmitter. One pole of the battery M B is connected with the button of the transmitter, while the opposite pole is connected by wire F g with the circuit-breaker. One end of the secondary wire of the induction-coil 01-- connects with main line N and'the other goes to ground aud one end of the secondary of the induction-coil b connects with line M and the other to ground. It will be seen that the current will flow from battery through the transmitter and through the circuit a-b U y F or a d U 9 F, accordingly as the conductin g portion of the circuit-breaker makes contact with the primariesof induction-coils b and d; From this it will be obvious that as the circuit-breaker is revolved the current'will-be thrown alternately over the two circuits mentioned, and thus fragmentary portions of the message beingtransmitted will pass to main lines N and M over the secondary wires of the induction-coils. I have found this arrangement to work very satisfactorily.

IIO

Anumber of apparatus like that just described may be arranged in circuit, as in Fig. 1, the organization of this latter formofapparatus being exactly similar'to thatshown in Fig. 1, except as above specified. The circuitbreaker may be operated in many ways.

I have found a weight with an ordinary clock'movement to be very efficient, and have also used an ordinary clock movement or register, such as has been used to move a paper strip in Morse telegraphy. the circuitbreakcr by an electric engine; Such I prefer to revolve apparatusis so simple and so well known and its application in the present case so obvious that it is deemed unnecessary to showand describe it. The circuit-breaker may be revolved from ten to one thousand times a second with good results.

It will be obvious that ateach station there are two branchlines or circuits, N M, one of which is grounded through the circuit-breaker when the receiver is lifted from the switch, the other remaining open or broken until the circuit-breakeris rotated. It will also benoted that when the line is in its normal quiet position-when none of thetelephones are in usethere is a continuous metallic circuit or line passing through all the stations.

What I claim is 1. The combination of a main circuit, two or more stations thereon, the main lines extending from each station to the adjoining station, on each side thereof, receiving and transmitting apparatus at each station, and a continuouslyrevolvingcircuit-breaker ateach station, which divides or breaks up the message beingtransmitted into fragments and throws portions upon the main line in one direction and other portions in the opposite direction, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of a normally continuous main circuit, two or more stations thereon, transmitting andreceivingiustruments ateach station, and at each station a continuouslyrevolving circuit-breaker and two branch circuits, both of which encircle the core of thereceiver, and which extend respectively from the continuously-revolving circuit-breakerto the sections ofthe main line, which leavethe station in opposite directions, substantially as set forth.

3. Thecombinatiou ofacontinuous main line,

two or more stations thereon, and at each station transmitting and receiving apparatus, a continuously-revolving circuit-breaker, branch circuits, both of which surround the core of the receiver and connect with their respective sections of the main line, a call-box, and a switch which may connect the branch circuits and cut the continuously -revolving circuit breaker, substantially as set forth.

4. Thecombination ofacontinuousmainline, two or more stations thereon, and at each station transmitting and receiving apparatus, a continuously-revolvingcircuit-breaker, branch circuits, both of which surroundthe core of the receiver and connect with their respective sectionsof themainline, a call-box,aswitch which may be operated to connect the branch circuits and out out the continuously-revolving circuitbreaker, and a switch-lever, which throws the receiver into circuit and grounds the sections of the main line, forming two electric circuits when it is lifted from the switch, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination ofthe continuous main line which leaves the stations in opposite directions, as set forth, a transmitter andbattery, a continuously-revolving circuit-breaker, and induction-coils, the secondaries of which go to line, and in the primaries of which the continuously revolving circuit-breaker is placed, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES HARRIS" ROGERS.

Witnesses:

JAMES L. NoRRIs, JAMES A. RUTHERFORD. 

